Effect of Indonesian medicinal plants essential  oils on Streptococcus mutansbiofilm

Triana Hertiani; Sylvia Utami  Tanjung Pratiwi; Irami Duma  Kencana Irianto; Dian Adityaningrum; Budi Pranoto

doi:10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp174-181

Effect of Indonesian medicinal plants essential oils on Streptococcus mutansbiofilm

Triana Hertiani, Sylvia Utami Tanjung Pratiwi, Irami Duma Kencana Irianto, Dian Adityaningrum, Budi Pranoto

Abstract

Essential oil’s component such as menthol and eucalyptol were already used as dental plaque inhibitors. In searching of potential dental plaque inhibitor from natural products, a study to explore the potency of essential oils extracted from several Indonesian medicinal plants against planktonic growth and biofilm adherence of S. mutans was performed. A total of 14 essential oils from some selected Indonesian medicinal plants were extractedby steam-hydro distillation. Antibacterial assay was performed against S. mutansby micro dilution technique on nutrient broth media. Biofilm formation inhibition assay was conducted on a flexible U-bottom 96-wells PVC micro plate by using BHI enriched with sucrose 2% at 36.6 °C for 18-24 h. After staining with 1% crystal violet, the optical density was read at 595 nm. A mouthwash commercial product containing essential oil component was used as a positive control. Result showed that the essential oils of C. sintoc exhibited the highest biofilm formation inhibition (IC₅₀ = 0.005%), and Z. officinale showed the highest biofilm degradation with EC₅₀ value of 0.013%. Both were active against bacterial planktonic growth but C. sintocshowed lower MIC₉₀ value (0.6%) in comparison to Z. officinale(0.06%). Meantime, C. citratus was showed promising antibacterial and antibiofilm

activities with MIC₉₀ value of 0.06%, MBC 0.6%, IC₅₀ 0.008% and EC₅₀ 0.026%. It is concluded that the essential oils of C. citratus, Z. officinaleand C. sintocare potential to be developed as dental plaque inhibitors.

Key words: essential oils, antibacterial, biofilm, Streptococcus mutans

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp174-181