Antibacterial invitroand antidiarrhea invivoeffects of the  infusion of sago roots (Metroxylon sagu)

Mohammad Bakhriansyah; Aswin Febria; Defiyanti Rahmah

doi:10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp158-165

Antibacterial invitroand antidiarrhea invivoeffects of the infusion of sago roots (Metroxylon sagu)

Mohammad Bakhriansyah, Aswin Febria, Defiyanti Rahmah

Abstract

Fresh root of sago (Metroxylon sagu) traditionally has been used as an antidiarrhea in South Kalimantan community. However, there is no scientific data yet to support it. The aims of this study were to investigate the antibacterial effect of the infusion of sago root on Salmonella typhi(S. typhi) as one of bacteria causing diarrhea in vitro and to find out its effects as anti diarrhea in male mice induced by castor oil in vivo. This experimental study measured the inhibitory zone in S. typhiculture and to count the frequency and duration of diarrhea. It used 3 concentrations, i.e 10%; 20% and 40% of the infusion of sago root. Chloramphenicol and aquadest were used as positive and negative control groups respectively in in vitro study, whereas in in vivo one loperamide was positive control group. Chloramphenicol was used since it is an antibiotic standard for eradicating S. thypi, whereas Loperamide is anti peristaltic agent from declining the frequency and duration of diarrhea. The infusion inhibited radical zone of S. typhi culture by 7.8; 9.8 and 10 mm, decreased the frequency of diarrhea 24.23%; 40.54% and 16.22% and decreased the duration of diarrhea 26.69%; 52.92% and 10.27% at concentration 10%, 20% and 40%, respectively. As conclusion the infusion of sago root has the potency as anti bacteria and decrease the frequency and duration of diarrhea. The best concentration of the infusion of sago root is 20%.

Key words: Metroxylon sagu, Mice, Anti diarrhea, Anti bacteria

Full Text:

Untitled

References

Anonim. 2008, Metroxylon saguRottb. http://www.kehati.or.id/florakita/, diakses pada tanggal 10 Juni 2008.

Akinjogunla, O.J., Eghafona, N.O., Enabulele, I.O., Mboto, C.I., and Ogbemudia, F.O. 2010, Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus amarus against extended spectrum ß-lactamase producing Escheria coli isolated from stool samples of HIV seropositive patients with or without diarrhea, Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 4, 6, 402-407.

Appidi, J.R., Grierson, D.S., and Afolayan, A.J. 2008, Ethnobotanical Study of Plants Used for the Treatment of Diarrhea in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Pak. J. Bio. Sc .11.15.1961-1963.

Banso, A. and Adeyemo, S. 2006, Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Assessment of Abutilon mauritianum, Bacopa monnifera and Datura stramonium. Biokemistri. 18, 1, 39-44.

Burkill. 2005. Metroxylon sagu. (Online). 1-10.,

Chitme. H.R., Chandra. R., and Kaushik, S. 2004, Studies on Anti-Diarrheal of Calotropis giganteain Experimental Animals. J. Pharm Pharmaceut Sci. 7, 1, 70-75.

Depkes RI., 2000, Penelitian tanaman obat di beberapa perguruan tinggi di Indonesia, Jakarta, Depkes RI Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Pusat Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Farmasi.

Fauziyah. N. 2008, Efek Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Petai Cina (Leucaena glauca. benth) pada Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar. Skripsi. Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Ganiswara. S.G. 1995, Farmakologi dan Terapi. Edisi 4. Bagian Farmakologi FK UI, Jakarta.

Kamper, K.J. 9 September 1999, Bilberry (Viccinium myrtillus), (Online), 1-13, (http://www.Mcp .edu/herbal/default.htm, diakses pada tanggal 9 Juni 2011).

Katzung. BG. 1989, Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinik. Diterjemahkan oleh Binawati, H. K.. Edisi 3. Jakarta; EGC, 56-58.

Kelompok Kerja Ilmiah PHYTO MEDICA. 1991, Penapisan Farmakologi.Pengujian Fitokimia dan Pengujian Klinik. Jakarta. PHYTO MEDICA.

Kumar, N.R., Vijayasankar, G.R., Prema, R., Jeevanandham, S., Murthy, G.L. and Sekar, M. 2011, Prelude Studies of Anti Diarrheal Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Areial Part of Indigofera purpurea on Isolated Rabbit Ileum. Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Research. 4, 2, 85-87.

Lenny. S. 2006, Isolasi dan uji bioaktifitas kandungan kimia utama puding merah dengan metoda uji brine shrimp.Medan, USU Repository.

Mohammed, A., Ahmed, H., Goji, A.D.T., Okpanachi, A.O., Ezekiel, I and Tanko, Y. 2009, Preliminary Anti Diarreal Activity of Hydromethanolic Extract of Aerial part of Indigofera pulchra in Rodents. Asian J. Med. Sc. 1, 2, 22-25.

Oben, J.E., Assi, S.E., Agbor, G.A., and Musoro, D.F. 2006, Effect of Eremomastax speciosa on Experimental Diarrhea. Afr. J. Trad. CAM, 3, 1, 95-100.

Poeloengan, M. 2009, Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Daun Miana (Coleus seutellariodes (L.) Benth) terhadap Bakteri Salmonella enteriditis dan Staphylococcus aureus. J. Biotika. 7, 2, 61-68.

Pramuningtyas, R, and Rahadiyan, W.B. 2009, Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cocor Bebek (Kalanchoe pinnata) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Atcc 6538 dan Escherichia coli Atcc 11229 Secara In Vitro. Biomedika, 1, 2, 43-50.

Rajput, M.S., Nair, V., Chauhan, A., Jawanjal, H. and Dange, V. 2011, Evaluation of Anti diarrheal Activity of Aerial Parts of Vinca major in Experimental Animals. Middle-East J. Sc. Research. 7, 5, 784-788.

Rahayu. P. and Winiati. 2000, Aktivitas antimikroba bumbu masakan tradisional hasil olahan industri terhadap bakteri patogen dan perusak. Buletin Teknologi dan Industri Pangan. 11, 2, 47-52.

Rhamnosa. 2008, Sisi Lain Obat Herbal (Media Informasi Kefarmasian). (online). 12-15. http://www.rhamnosa-buletin.co.cc/category/edisi/obat-herbal,

Sakulpanich, A., and Gritsanapan, W. 2009, Determination of Anthraquinone Glycoside Content in Cassia fistula Leaf Extracts for Alternative Source of Laxative Drug, Int. J. Biomed. & Pharm. Sc., August, 3, 1, 42-45.

Schlegel, G. 1993, General microbiology. Seventh Edition. Cambridge University Press,. England.

Setiawan, B. 1980, Bioavailability dan Ekivalensi Terapeutik. (Online). 1-5. srv/www/portakable /files/cdk. Sirait, M. 2007. Penuntun Fitokimia dalam Farmasi. Penerbit ITB.Bandung.

Sule, M.I., Njinga, N.S., Musa, A.M., Magaji, M.G. and Abdullahi, A. 2009, Phytochemical and Antidiarrheal Studies of the Stem Bark of Cieba pentandra (Bombacaceae). Nig. J. Pharm. Sci. 8, 1, 143-148

Suryani, L. and Kusumaningsih, E. 2008, Efektivitas Antibakteri Infusa Kunyit Asam dan Jamu Kemasan terhadap Kuman Penyebab Diare secara In Vitro. Mutiara Medika, 8,1,27-34.

Susanti, A. 2008, Daya antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun beluntas (Pluchea indica less) terhadap Escherichia coli secara in vitro Antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract Pluchea indica less leaves against Escherichia coli by in vitro. Skripsi. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Airlangga.

Tjay, T H and K. Rahardja, K. 2002, Obat-obat Penting Edisi Kelima. PT. Elex Media Komputindo. Jakarta.

Winarno, M and Sundari, D. 1996, Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan sebagai Obat Diare di Indonesia. CDK. 109, 121-125.

Wongsamitkul, N., Sirianant, L., Muanprasat, C., and Chatsudthipong, V. 2010, Plant-Derived Hydrolysable Tannin Inhibits CFTR Chloride Channel: Potential Treatment of Diarrhea, Pharmaceutical Research, March, 27, 3, 490-497.

Zein, U. 2004, Diare Akut Infeksius Pada Dewasa.Fakultas Kedokteran Divisi Penyakit Tropik dan Infeksi . Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. USU., Medan.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjpharm0iss0pp158-165