QuEChERS and C18 as solid phase extraction sorbent - ultra-high performance liquid chromatography -ultraviolet-visible method for determination of parabens in cosmetics products

Ngoc-Van Thi Nguyen

doi:10.14499/indonesianjpharm31iss2pp69

QuEChERS and C18 as solid phase extraction sorbent - ultra-high performance liquid chromatography -ultraviolet-visible method for determination of parabens in cosmetics products

Ngoc-Van Thi Nguyen

Abstract

Concerns are growing about human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), especially during the preadolescent development stage. Parabens are prevalent EDCs widely used as additives in cosmetics. So, the determination of parabens in such products is important. In this study, we developed a reliable and sensitive method to determine simultaneously nine common parabens (methylparaben, ethylparaben, phenylparaben, benzylparaben, penthylparaben, and two groups of isomeric compounds include propylparaben, isopropyl paraben, and butylparaben, isobutylparaben) in cosmetics products. The QuEChERS and solid-phase extraction techniques are used for extraction parabens from non-surfactant cosmetics (perfume, mouth wash solution) and surfactant cosmetics (shampoo, cream, gel), respectively and quantified by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the ultraviolet-visible detector. All nine compounds showed good linearity with regression coefficients predominantly above 0.990. The LOD and LOQ of parabens were 0.07 µg/mL; 0.2 µg/mL, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 80 to 110% with the relative standard deviations below 8%. The developed method was successfully applied to determine parabens in various commercial cosmetic products from a local supermarket and the total parabens concentrations are in a wide-ranged from 2.0 to 1270 mg/kg.

Keywords

paraben, cosmetic, QuEChERS, solid phase extraction

Full Text:

PDF

References

DeArmond PD., Brittain MK., Platoff GE Jr., Yeung DT., 2015. QuEChERS-based approach toward the analysis of two insecticides, methomyl and aldicarb, in blood and brain tissue. Anal. Meth. 7: 321–328.

European Commission, 1996. Seventh Commission Directive 96/45/EC of 2 July 1996 relating to methods of analysis necessary for checking the composition of cosmetic products. Retrieved October 14, 2019, from: https://publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail//publication/db4c4a8f-3272-45ff-b39e-41f6e0fa454d.

European Commission, 2014. Commission regulation (EU) no 1004/2014 of 18 September 2014 Amending Annexes V to regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the council on cosmetic products (Parabens).

Fei T., Li H., Ding M., Ito M., Lin JM., 2011. Determination of parabens in cosmetic products by solid-phase microextraction of poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate thin film on fibers and ultra-high-speed liquid chromatography with diode array detector. J. Sep. Sci. 34: 1599–1606.

Gao W., Legido-Quigley C., 2011. Fast and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography analysis of cosmetic creams for hydroquinone, phenol and six preservatives. J. Chromatogr. A. 1218: 4307–4311.

Guan Y., Chu Q., Fu L., Ye J., 2005. Determination of antioxidants in cosmetics by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with electrochemical detection. J. Chromatogr. A. 1074: 201-204.

Huang HY., Huang IY., Lin HY., 2006. Separation of parabens in capillary electrochromatography using poly (styrene‐divinylbenzene‐methacrylic acid) monolithic column. J. Sep. Sci. 29: 2038-2048.

Jain R., Mudiam MK., Chauhan A., Ch R., Murthy RC., Khan HA., 2013. Simultaneous derivatisation and preconcentration of parabens in food and other matrices by isobutyl chloroformate and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatographic analysis. Food. Chem. 141: 436-443.

Kim K., Mueller J., Park YB., Jung HR., Kang SH., Yoon MH., Lee JB., 2011. Simultaneous determination of nine UV filters and four preservatives in suncare products by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 49: 554 – 559.

Larsson K., Ljung Björklund K., Palm B., Wennberg M., Kaj L., Lindh CH., Jönsson BA., Berglund M., 2014. Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol a and triclosan in Swedish mothers and their children. Environ. Int. 73: 323–333.

Lokhnauth JK., Snow NH., 2006. Determination of parabens in pharmaceutical formulations by solid-phase microextraction-ion mobility spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 77: 5938-5946.

Márquez-Sillero I., Aguilera-Herrador E., Cárdenas S., Valcárcel M., 2010. Determination of parabens in cosmetic products using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as solid phase extraction sorbent and corona-charged aerosol detection system. J. Chromatogr. A. 1217: 1–6.

Moreta C., Tena MT., Kannan K., 2015. Analytical method for the determination and a survey of parabens and their derivatives in pharmaceuticals. Environ. Res. 142: 452-460.

Perestrelo R., Silva P., Porto-Figueira P., Pereira JAM., Silva C., Medina S., Câmara JS., 2015. A review of recent developments and trends in the QuEChERS sample preparation approach. Open. Chem. 13: 980–1010.

Piao C., Chen L., Wang Y., 2014. A review of the extraction and chromatographic determination methods for the analysis of parabens. J. Chromatogr. B. 969: 139–148.

Renz L., Volz C., Michanowicz D., Ferrar K., Christian C., Lenzner D., El-Hefnawy T., 2013. A study of parabens and bisphenol a in surface water and fish brain tissue from the greater Pittsburgh area. Ecotoxicology. 22: 632–641.

Rocío-Bautista P., Martínez-Benito C., Pino V., Pasán J., Ayala JH., Ruiz-Pérez C., Afonso AM., 2015. The metal–organic framework HKUST-1 as efficient sorbent in a vortex-assisted dispersive micro solid-phase extraction of parabens from environmental waters, cosmetic creams, and human urine. Talanta. 139:13–20.

Shen HY., Jiang HL., Mao HL., Pan G., Zhou L., Cao YF., 2007. Simultaneous determination of seven phthalates and four parabens in cosmetic products using HPLC-DAD and GC-MS methods. J. Sep. Sci., 30: 48 – 54.

Soni MG., Carabin IG., Burdock GA., 2005. Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). Food. Chem. Toxicol. 43: 985-1015.

Zotou A., Sakla I., Tzanavaras PD., (2010). LC-determination of five paraben preservatives in saliva and toothpaste samples using UV detection and a short monolithic column, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 53: 785–789.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjpharm31iss2pp69