MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE EXPOSURE AT EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE INCREASES APOPTOSIS AND STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIOR RISKS ON ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) LARVAE

Nia Kurnianingsih; Juliyatin Putri Utami; Nurdiana Nurdiana; Diana Lyrawati

doi:10.14499/indonesianjpharm27iss3pp128

MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE EXPOSURE AT EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE INCREASES APOPTOSIS AND STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIOR RISKS ON ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) LARVAE

Nia Kurnianingsih, Juliyatin Putri Utami, Nurdiana Nurdiana, Diana Lyrawati

Abstract

Excessive glutamate may give neurotoxic effects and contribute to Autism spectrum disorder(ASD). In this study, we investigated prolonged exposure effects of 10 µg/mL Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on intracellular calcium level, bax, bcl-2, ratio of bax/bcl-2 genes expression, caspase-3, apoptosis of brain cells and stereotypic behavior of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae at early developmental stages. Genes expression were determined by real time PCR, caspase-3 using ELISA, intracellular Ca²⁺ and apoptotic cells of brain using confocal microscopy, locomotor activity by using crossing lines assay whereas stereotypic behavior by circle swimming. The results indicated that MSG exposure increased brain bax and bcl-2; and caspase-3; intracellular Ca²⁺; and apoptosis; stereotypic behavior; and decreased locomotor activity. Termination of MSG treatments resulted in recovery of bax, bcl-2, caspase-3 basal levels and stereotypic behavior. In conclusion, MSG exposure at early embryonic stage increased brain cell damage and risk of behavior changes.

Keywords

Monosodium Glutamate; Early Embryo; Duration; Apoptosis; Behavior

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References

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjpharm27iss3pp128